What every business needs to know about unconscious bias in hiring
Is unconscious bias holding your business back? When it comes to building your team, it’s easy to fall into a pattern of choosing a candidate who seems like a good ‘cultural fit’.
But what if that means you’re missing out on a candidate who would be a great ‘cultural add’? Or the candidate that’s actually the perfect fit for the role and the team. When you make an effort to overcome bias and cultivate a workplace that values diversity – of background, experience, world view and so many more attributes – you’ll cultivate a workplace that’s not just great for your team, it’s great for your business too.
Hiring on a gut feeling that someone will be a good fit for the team is just one indication that your decision has probably been influenced by unconscious bias. Don’t be alarmed, it’s more common than you think. In fact, we all have unconscious bias and we are all affected by it.
Bias can be easy to see in other people.
You might observe it in the way someone treats or talks about others, or perhaps you’ve been at the uncomfortable end of bias yourself. When it comes to recognising our own ‘built-in’ biases, however, it can be challenging. And that’s why they call it unconscious.
Unconscious bias training has become not just a buzzword but a big business in itself. In this article, we explore the big questions around bias: What is unconscious bias? How does it impact the hiring process? Can unconscious bias be defeated? If you’ve already jumped to your own conclusions on those questions, that’s unconscious bias too!
We need to talk about bias
Since the first humans gathered around campfires, bias has existed.
It is simply the way we feel in favour of something – an idea, a thing, a person or group – or how we feel against that something. Bias usually suggests that these feelings are judgemental, unfair or discriminatory.
Bias is about making assumptions, stereotyping or a fear of the unknown. It can be innate or it can be learned and unconscious bias is created and reinforced by our personal experiences, our cultural background and environment. Bias can be of little consequence – I hate broccoli – or potentially very damaging – I hate {insert name here!}.
Why does unconscious bias matter in the hiring process?
The objective of overcoming bias in the workplace is creating a work environment where every employee can feel that the workplace is welcoming, safe and free from discrimination, harassment or unfair treatment. While that may sound ‘warm and fuzzy’, diverse and inclusive workplaces can help lift employee satisfaction, boost engagement and productivity and enhance the reputation of your business as a great employer. It can also lower your exposure to potential legal action from unfair or unjust employment practices.
The most common types of unconscious bias in the workplace
When it comes to hiring, there are some biases that are more common than others. Some need no explanation – gender bias, ageism, racism, name bias – however psychologists and researchers have identified over 150 types of bias that impact the way we engage and interact with others. Here, we look at just a few. Chances are you’ve let one or more of these biases influence your decisions and, as a result, missed out on a perfect candidate.
Confirmation bias – where an opinion is formed quickly on a single detail (bad suit, good school) and the interviewer ‘fills in’ their own assessment of the candidate with questions that they believe confirm or justify their initial impression or judgement.
Overconfidence bias – can be closely connected to confirmation bias, when the recruiter lets their confidence in their own ability choose the best candidate in the way of objective assessment.
Illusory correlation – where a recruiter believes certain questions are revealing insights about the candidate that actually don’t exist or are not relevant to their ability to perform in a role.
Beauty Bias – this one speaks for itself. Will a great looking person necessarily be the most successful choice for the role? The simple answer? No.
Conformity bias – this bias can occur with group assessments when recruiters fall in with the majority even if their opinion about a candidate differs. Peer pressure can have a lot to answer for.
Contrast effect – also called judgement bias, this is where a candidate is compared with the resume and candidate that went before, rather than being reviewed on their own skills and merit against the requirements of the role.
How are you scoring in bias roulette?!
Here’s some more:
Affect heuristics – this unconscious bias sounds very scientific, but it’s one that’s being a very human survival mechanism throughout history. It’s simply about making snap judgements on someone’s ability to do a job based on superficial and irrelevant factors and your own preconceptions – someone’s appearance, tattoos, the colour of their lipstick.
Similarity attraction – where hirers can fall into the trap of essentially hiring themselves; candidates with whom they share similar traits, interests or backgrounds. They may be fun to hang out with, but maybe not the best match for the job or building diversity.
Affinity bias – so you went to the same school, followed the same football team and maybe know the same people. That’s nice, but is it really of any relevance to the hiring decision?
Expectation anchor – where the hirer is stuck on what’s possibly an unrealistic preconception of what and who the candidate should be
Halo effect – Your candidate is great at one thing, so that means they’re great at everything else, right? Judging candidates on one achievement or life experience doesn’t make up for a proper assessment of their qualifications and credentials
Horn effect – It’s the devil’s work. The opposite of the halo effect where one negative answer or trait darkens the hirer’s judgement and clouds the assessment process.
Intuition – going with that gut feeling again? While the emotional and intellectual connection may come into the process, it’s largely irrelevant. Focus on their actual experience and capabilities instead.
Can unconscious bias be eliminated? Can bias be unlearned?
In an ideal world, every hire would be approached in an objective way, free of unconscious basis and based on the candidate’s ability to do the job well. However, we don’t live in that perfect world and, time and time again, bias can cloud our judgement and lead to the wrong recruitment decisions. So what can we do? Let’s first talk about what doesn’t work.
Why unconscious bias training does not work
The efforts of any business to drive affirmative change in their business are to be respected. However, there’s a very good reason why unconscious bias training simply can’t work. Why?
Because unconscious bias is a universal and inherently human condition. Training targets individuals and their well-worn attitudes and world views.
While awareness and attitudes may change, inherent bias will remain because that’s the human condition.
So if humans can’t solve a very human problem, what can? Sapia is challenging the issue of unconscious bias in hiring by promoting ‘top-of-funnel’ screening that entirely avoids humans and their bias. Instead, candidates are interviewed and assessed through automation and algorithms. The data that trains the machine is continuously tested so that if ever the slightest bias is found, it can be corrected.
According to an Article Published By Fast Company:
(Ref. https://www.fastcompany.com/90515678/science-explains-why-unconscious-bias-training-wont-reduce-workplace-racism-heres-what-will)
From a scientific perspective, there are reasons to be cautious that unconscious bias training will have a significant impact on racism, sexism, and other forms of workplace discrimination.
1. MOST BIASES ARE CONSCIOUS RATHER THAN UNCONSCIOUS
Contrary to what unconscious bias training programs would suggest, people are largely aware of their biases, attitudes, and beliefs, particularly when they concern stereotypes and prejudices. Such biases are an integral part of their self and social identity.
2. THERE IS ONLY A WEAK RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS
Contrary to popular belief, our beliefs and attitudes are not strongly related to our behaviours. There is rarely more than 16% overlap (correlation of r = 0.4) between attitudes and behavior, and even lower for engagement and performance, or prejudice and discrimination.
3. THERE IS NO ACCURATE WAY TO MEASURE UNCONSCIOUS BIAS
The closest science has come to measuring unconscious biases is via so-called Implicit Association Tests (IAT), like Harvard’s racism or sexism test. (Over 30 million people have taken it, and you can try it for free here. These have come under significant academic criticism for being weak predictors of actual behaviours. For example, on race questions (black vs. white), the reported meta-analytic correlations range from 0.15 to 0.24.
4. IT’S HARD TO CHANGE PEOPLE’S BELIEFS, ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY DON’T WANT TO
The hardest thing to influence through any D&I initiative is how people feel about concepts such as gender or race. Systematic reviews of diversity training concluded: “The positive effects of diversity training rarely last beyond a day or two, and a number of studies suggest that it can activate bias or spark a backlash.”
Algorithms do the job humans can’t
Using machines and artificial intelligence to augment and challenge decisions is fast becoming mainstream across many applications and industries. To reduce the impact of unconscious bias in hiring decisions, testing for bias and removing it using algorithms is possible. With humans, it’s not.
Sappia tackles bias by screening and evaluating candidates with a simple open, transparent interview via a text conversation. Candidates know text and trust text.
Unlike other Ai Hiring Tools, Sapia has no video hookups and no visual content. No CVs.
All of these factors carry the risk that unconscious bias can come into play. Nor is data extracted from social channels as our solution is designed to provide every candidate with a great experience that respects and recognises them as the individual they are.
A better experience for candidates, recruiters and clients alike
A research study by The Ladders found that recruiters only spend about 6 seconds looking at a resume. With bulk-hiring, it’s probably less. That’s 6 seconds to make or break a candidate’s hope.
Sapia’s AI-based screening comes into to its own with high volume briefs, with the capability to conduct unlimited interviews in a single hour/day, assessing >85 factors – from personality traits to language fluency and other valuable talent insights. Candidates receive personalised feedback, coaching tips for their next interview and faster decisions on their progress in the hiring process.
Sapia is not out to replace human recruiters but we are here to work as your co-pilot, helping you to make smarter, faster and unbiased hiring decisions.
Understand where unconscious bias has held your business back
AI-enabled enabled interviewing and assessment also tracks and measures bias at a micro level so businesses can understand the level and type of bias that may previously have influenced decisions. With candidate and client satisfaction rated 95%+, it’s a game-changer for changing behaviours.
Hiring’s a team sport and we’re rewriting the rules
The ability to measure unconscious bias is just one more reason to use AI-based screening tools over traditional processes.
Everyone has a story that’s bigger than their CV.
Sapia gives every candidate an opportunity to tell theirs. Through our engaging, non-threatening process where unconscious bias can be taken out of the equation (literally!), we will help you get to the best candidates sooner.
You’ll get a shortlist of candidates with the right traits and values for your business so you can move ahead to interviews with confidence and clarity. With time and resources saved on upfront screening, your team can concentrate on making the interviewing stage more rewarding for hirers and candidates alike.
With Sapia, you can soon be on your way to building more diverse, inclusive and happier workplaces. We know we can work for your business, so we’d love to work with your business. Let’s talk.
Have you seen the Inclusive e-Book? It offers a pathway to fairer hiring in 2021.
Get diversity and inclusion right whilst hiring on time and on budget. In this Inclusivity e-Book, you’ll learn:
- How to design an inclusive recruitment path. From discovery to offer and validation of the process.
- The hidden inclusion challenges that are holding your organisation back.
- How to tell if Ai technology is ethical.
Download Inclusivity Hiring e-Book Here >
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Join the conversation
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Finally, you can try out Sapia’s Chat Interview right now, or leave us your details to get a personalised demo
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Why text conversations work better for graduate assessment
Text is central to our everyday lives.
Texting, emailing, writing, all of this is done in natural language. The revolution in natural language processing is changing the way organisations understand, and make use of text. Using text data as the assessment data is compelling when you consider the facts about texting in our everyday lives.
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Analysing the behaviour of 41,314 candidates from March 2019 to March 2020, more than one third completed their assessment on mobile, with applicants saving 40% or more on time to complete it on a mobile vs a desktop.
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- Having a text conversation on a mobile phone.
- Asking typical interview questions to which graduates can relate, e.g ‘which of our values do you connect with and why?’
- Asking 5 or 6 questions, that respect every applicant as unique and empowers them to share who they are, in their language, sharing their personal stories.
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Answering five open-ended questions generates at least 75 different data points about a person. Even 200 words is enough to reveal your true character and personality.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
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Curious to know the science behind the technology? Get in touch with us here.
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Three new solutions for retail’s major recruitment challenges
An average time-to-hire of 40 days. Hiring costs in excess of $2,000 per candidate. An average turnover rate of 60-70%.
The challenges of hourly recruitment in the retail industry have been well-documented.
Despite this, many of the largest companies persist with old-school recruitment processes.
Given the break-neck pace and scale of the industry, it’s hard to diagnose and fix the problem.
Understandably, many HR leaders have been quick to layer on technology solutions that seem to make things easier; in actuality, these tech solutions have added complexity, making efficiency gains difficult and actionable insights hard to find.
The big and unmanageable HR tech stack
Where recruitment is concerned, a HR tech stack tends to look like this: an unwieldy ATS, often coupled with a conversational AI or scheduling tool.
This stack is implemented across a decentralized system – hundreds of stores across the country – resulting in a situation where hiring managers are forced to use systems they don’t understand and don’t like.
The bottom line is this: Retail companies are overstacked, overworked, and need to adopt different solutions to old problems.
1. Solve high turnover through soft skill and personality trait matching
One of the biggest challenges with recruitment at major retail companies is high turnover rates. Retail staff members move fast and often, and have a high likelihood of migrating to competing businesses.
This is partially a nature-of-the-beast problem, but if we better understand what makes people tick, we can better match them to the roles at which they’re likely to succeed, and therefore keep them longer.
For example, we know that the best retail cashiers are high in extraversion. They’re energized by being around people, have good interpersonal skills, and have a lower likelihood of experiencing negative emotion while on the job.
It makes sense, then, to prioritize extraversion when matching candidates to the role of cashier. That’s a personality trait – with attendant soft skills – that will predict success for that role.
When people are matched to the job for which they are best suited, they’ll experience higher levels of purpose and satisfaction. It’s obvious why – the daily activities will invigorate rather than drain them. People who have purpose stay longer.
Therefore, if you accurately match soft skills to roles, you’ll reduce churn. Our AI Smart Chat Interviewer is really good at this: Across the board, our skill-matching power reduces non-regrettable churn by a minimum of 25%.
Side note: HEXACO is your secret weapon
If you’re keen to get started measuring soft skills, download our HEXACO job interview rubric. It features more than 20 interview questions designed by our personality psychologists to assess the skills of candidates that come your way. It will even help you figure out what soft skills are best for you based on the needs and values of your organization.
2. Reduce competition from other employees through smart employer branding
Chances are, when your employees or candidates leave, they’re probably staying within the industry – and that means they’re likely going to your competitors. It’s 2023, and the stock-standard advice would be to offer higher wages and perks.
That’s not always feasible, and besides, there’s no guarantee that doing so will markedly reduce the threat of poaching and abandonment. Money is important, but it doesn’t trump purpose and belonging.
The key to better employer branding is a system for active listening. Find out what your people, be they employees or candidates, think. Ask them often. It’s important to do this at the onboarding stage, but it should continue through to the point of highest churn – the six-month mark.
Our joint report with Aptitude Research uncovered some interesting data on the importance of two-way feedback between candidates and employers.
Gathering and acting on mutual feedback:
- Boosts quality of hire from 36 to 58%, on average
- Boosts candidate experience from 34 to 44%, on average
- Improves first-year retention from 35 to 50%, on average
An NPS (Net Performer Score) framework is a good place to start. How likely are you to recommend our company to a friend or colleague?
The NPS tracking question is easily configurable and embeddable into automated emails, meaning it can be set up through your ATS with little additional work.
When you begin to analyze the data, keep things simple: Dump the data into a spreadsheet, and look at your average numbers. If your score is below 0, you’ve got work to do – if it’s 0 to +30, you’re doing well. 30+ and over, well done!
(If you’re reading this, it’s probably not likely that you’ll get a 30+ score on the first go-round. That’s okay – the goal is to find out how much work you’ve got to do.)
The benefit of benchmarking NPS is that it gives your business a single, easy-to-understand proxy for employee engagement. Once you’ve got the number, you can start to make small changes and see how that affects the overall number.
3. Increase your talent pool by limiting candidate abandonment
We hear it all the time: Sourcing is a big problem. When we ask customers about their current processes, however, a common problem emerges: We don’t really know how many people we’re losing from our recruitment funnel, and why.
This presents a great opportunity: Often, improving an application process means removing things, rather than adding them.
Conventional wisdom tells us that the longer your application and interview process goes on, the higher your dropout rate will be. But that’s a generalized issue – it tells you nothing about how to fix the problem, beyond simply making it shorter. You need specific, localized data to diagnose and fix your leakage spots.
Data from a 2022 Aptitude Research report on key interviewing trends found that candidates tend to drop out at the following stages, in the following proportions:
- 22% of candidates drop out at the application stage
- 24% at the screening stage
- 25% at the interview stage
- 18% at the assessment stage
- 9% at the offer stage
Let’s say that you had 100 visitors to your careers (or job ad) page, and 20 of them completed the first-step application form on that page. You’ve lost 80% of your possible pool right there. Not great, but at least you know – now you can examine that page to uncover possible issues preventing conversion.
Is the page too long? Does it have too much text? Is the ‘apply’ button clearly shown? Is the form too long, requiring too much information to fill out? Are your perks/EVP attributes clearly displayed?
We’ve got an in-depth guide for measuring and improving your abandonment rate here.
